Demography Quiz 2

The post is about MCQs Demography Quiz with Answers. All these MCQs related to demography (population studies) will also help you understand the concepts related to people for the preparation of different examinations. Test your knowledge and learn something new about the fascinating world of demography! Let us start with the MCQs demography quiz now.

Online MCQs Demography Quiz

1. Gross Reproduction rate is approximately ———- of Total Fertility Rate.

 
 
 
 

2. ———— leads to a fallacious conclusion as it inflates the number of potential mothers.

 
 
 
 

3. The natural population change is calculated by?

 
 
 
 

4. Gross Reproduction rate is approximately ———- of Total Fertility Rate.

 
 
 
 

5. If GRR < 1, then

 
 
 
 

6. In ——– the gender of a new-born child is also taken into consideration to get a better view about the rate of population growth.

 
 
 
 

7. Which among the following is the biggest limitation of GRR?

 
 
 
 

8. Which rate will you find “By finding the number of births per 1,000 people per year”

 
 
 
 

9. ———- is a modified form of the total fertility rate.

 
 
 
 

10. If the total fertility rate is 2500 per thousand and male:female ratio is 60:40, respectively, The GRR is?

 
 
 
 

11. ———- is broadly thought of as the movement by individuals, groups, or populations seeking to make relatively permanent changes in residence.

 
 
 
 

12. Which map shows “The location of speakers of various languages”?

 
 
 
 

13. To emigrate means to leave one’s ——– to live permanently elsewhere.

 
 
 
 

14. Which rate will you find “By finding the number of deaths per 1,000 people per year”

 
 
 
 

15. If the mortality rate is 120, then the survival rate will be

 
 
 
 

16. The net migration rate can be expressed as

 
 
 
 

17. When the estimated mid-year population is large, we should expect the net migration rate to

 
 
 
 

18. Where do mapmakers get the information to make distribution maps?

 
 
 
 

19. ———— measures the extent to which mothers produce female infants who survive to replace them.

 
 
 
 

20. Which rate will you find “By subtracting the number of emigrants from the number of immigrants per 1,000 people”

 
 
 
 

Online Demography Quiz with Answers

  • In ——– the gender of a new-born child is also taken into consideration to get a better view about the rate of population growth.
  • If the total fertility rate is 2500 per thousand and male:female ratio is 60:40, respectively, The GRR is?
  • ———— leads to a fallacious conclusion as it inflates the number of potential mothers.
  • ———- is a modified form of the total fertility rate.
  • If GRR < 1, then
  • Gross Reproduction rate is approximately ———- of Total Fertility Rate.
  • Gross Reproduction rate is approximately ———- of Total Fertility Rate.
  • Which among the following is the biggest limitation of GRR?
  • ———— measures the extent to which mothers produce female infants who survive to replace them.
  • If the mortality rate is 120, then the survival rate will be
  • ———- is broadly thought of as the movement by individuals, groups, or populations seeking to make relatively permanent changes in residence.
  • The natural population change is calculated by?
  • The net migration rate can be expressed as
  • To emigrate means to leave one’s ——– to live permanently elsewhere.
  • When the estimated mid-year population is large, we should expect the net migration rate to
  • Which rate will you find “By finding the number of births per 1,000 people per year”
  • Which rate will you find “By finding the number of deaths per 1,000 people per year”
  • Which rate will you find “By subtracting the number of emigrants from the number of immigrants per 1,000 people”
  • Where do mapmakers get the information to make distribution maps?
  • Which map shows “The location of speakers of various languages”?
Demography Quiz with Answers

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Statistics and Data Analysis

Unbiasedness

Unbiasedness is a statistical concept that describes the accuracy of an estimator. An estimator is said to be an unbiased estimator if its expected value (or average value over many samples) equals the corresponding population parameter, that is, $E(\hat{\theta}) = \theta$.

If the expected value of an estimator $\theta$ is not equal to the corresponding parameter then the estimator will be biased. The bias of an estimator of $\hat{\theta}$ can be defined as

$$Bias = E(\hat{\theta}) – \theta$$

Note that $\overline{X}$ is an unbiased estimator of the mean of a population. Therefore,

  • $\overline{X}$ is an unbiased estimator of the parameter $\mu$ in Normal distribution.
  • $\overline{X}$ is an unbiased estimator of the parameter $p$ in the Bernoulli distribution.
  • $\overline{X}$ is an unbiased estimator of the parameter $\lambda$ in the Poisson distribution.
Unbiasedness, positive bias, negative bias, unbiased

However, the expected value of the sample variance $S^2=\frac{\sum\limits_{i=1}^n (X_i – \overline{X})^2 }{n}$ is not equal to the population variance, that is $E(S^2) = \sigma^2$.

Therefore, sample variance is not an unbiased estimator of the population variance $\sigma^2$.

Note that it is possible to have more than one unbiased estimator for an unknown parameter. For example, the sample mean and sample median are both unbiased estimators of the population mean $\mu$ if the population distribution is symmetrical.

Question: Show that the sample mean is an unbiased estimator of the population mean.

Solution:

Let $X_1, X_2, \cdots, X_n$ be a random sample of size $n$ from a population having mean $\mu$. The sample mean is $\overline{X}$ is

$$\overline{X} = \frac{1}{n} \sum\limits_{i=1}^n X_i$$

We must show that $E(\overline{X})=\mu$, therefore, taking the expectation on both sides,

\begin{align*}
E(\overline{X}) &= E\left[\frac{1}{n} \Sigma X_i \right]\\
&= \frac{1}{n} E(X_i) = \frac{1}{n} E(X_1 + X_2 + \cdots + X_n)\\
&= \frac{1}{n} \left[E(X_1) + E(X_2) + \cdots + E(X_n) \right]
\end{align*}

Since, in the random sample, the random variables $X_1, X_2, \cdots, X_n$ are all independent and each has the same distribution of the population, then $E(X_1)=E(X_2)=\cdots=E(X_n)$. So,

$$E(\overline{x}) = \frac{1}{n}(\mu+\mu+\cdots + \mu) = \mu$$

Why Unbiasedness is Important

  • Accuracy: Unbiasedness is a measure of accuracy, not precision. Unbiased estimators provide accurate estimates on average, reducing the risk of systematic errors. However, an unbiased estimator can still have a large variance, meaning its individual estimates can be far from the true value.
  • Consistency: An unbiased estimator is not necessarily consistent. Consistency refers to the tendency of an estimator to converge to the true value as the sample size increases.
  • Foundation for Further Analysis: Unbiased estimators are often used as building blocks for more complex statistical procedures.

Unbiasedness Example

Imagine you’re trying to estimate the average height of students in your university. If you randomly sample 100 students and calculate their average height, this average is an estimator of the true average height of all students in that university. If this average height is consistently equal to the true average height of the entire student population, then your estimator is unbiased.

Unbiasedness is the state of being free from bias, prejudice, or favoritism. It can also mean being able to judge fairly without being influenced by one’s own opinions. In statistics, it also refers to (i) A sample that is not affected by extraneous factors or selectivity (ii) An estimator that has an expected value that is equal to the parameter being estimated.

Applications and Uses of Unbiasedness

  • Parameter Estimation:
    • Mean: The sample mean is an unbiased estimator of the population mean.
    • Variance: The sample variance, with a slight adjustment (Bessel’s correction), is an unbiased estimator of the population variance.
    • Regression Coefficients: In linear regression, the ordinary least squares (OLS) estimators of the regression coefficients are unbiased under certain assumptions.
  • Hypothesis Testing:
    • Unbiased estimators are often used in hypothesis tests to make inferences about population parameters. For example, the t-test for comparing means relies on the assumption that the sample means are unbiased estimators of the population means.
  • Machine Learning: In some machine learning algorithms, unbiased estimators are preferred for model parameters to avoid systematic errors.
  • Survey Sampling: Unbiased sampling techniques, such as simple random sampling, are used to ensure that the sample is representative of the population and that the estimates obtained from the sample are unbiased.

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MCQs Demography Quiz 1

The post is about MCQs Demography Quiz with Answers. All these MCQs related to demography (population studies) will also help you understand the concepts related to people for the preparation of different examinations. Test your knowledge and learn something new about the fascinating world of demography! Let us start with the MCQs demography quiz now.

Please go to MCQs Demography Quiz 1 to view the test

Online MCQs Demography Quiz

  • The death rate is also called ———–
  • Which among the following is not a measure of mortality?
  • ——— is defined as the number of deaths per 1000 population in a specific community or region.
  • The formula for calculating the crude death rate is
  • Which of the following rates completely ignores the age and sex distribution of the population?
  • Female crude death rate generally ———– male crude death rate.
  • The death rate specific to age and sex overcomes the drawback of ———.
  • Death rate computed for a particular specified section of the population is termed as ———-.
  • ———– is calculated as a weighted average of the age-specific death rate of a given population.
  • If birth rate > death rate, then there is a/an ————- trend.
  • The ———— is defined as the chance of dying of a newly born infant within a year of its life, under the given mortality conditions.
  • What is the maternal mortality rate?
  • Given the zero growth of the life table, the population is also known as a ———– population.
  • In a pyramid representation, male bars are usually on the ————.
  • Which of the following is a mortality indicator?
  • A mortality indicator among the following is
  • Which of the following can be used to access the health status of a country?
  • The most universally accepted indicator of health status is?
  • Which country has the maximum life expectancy?
  • Which of the following cannot be drawn from the population pyramid of a country?
MCQs Demography quiz with Answers

Keywords: demography quiz, population quiz, demographics test, population studies, population growth, migration, age structure, fertility, mortality, population distribution, online quiz, learn demography

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Data Analysis and Statistics Quiz

Online Demography Quizzes

These Demography Quizzes will challenge your understanding of key demographic concepts, including population growth, migration, age structure, etc. Acquire Demography concepts from multiple-choice type questions. All these MCQs related to demography quizzes will also help you understand the concepts related to people for the preparation of different examinations. Test your knowledge and learn something new about the fascinating world of demography!

Demography Quiz 3
Demography Quiz 2Demography Quiz 1

Demography Quizzes Instructions

  • Read Carefully: Each question will present multiple-choice options. Carefully read each question and all the available options before selecting your response.
  • Choose Wisely: Select the answer you believe is most accurate and finally click “Submit” to get the grade on the quiz.
  • Review Your Answers: After submitting your answers, you will receive a score and the correct answers.
  • Learn & Improve: Use this quiz as an opportunity to learn more about demography. Review the questions you missed and explore the topics in greater depth.
Online Demography Quizzes

Keywords: demography quiz, population quiz, demographics test, population studies, population growth, migration, age structure, fertility, mortality, population distribution, online quiz, learn demography

Statistics and Data Analysis

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