Miscellaneous Articles

Miscellaneous Articles for the support of statisticians. It includes different tools and software that help a statistician and a mathematician to work quickly and efficiently.

Google Search Tricks and Tips

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Here are some of the most useful Google Search Tricks and Tips that can be used in Google from basic tips to new features. Let us start with helpful Google Search Tricks and Tips that can be useful for search queries by mathematicians and statisticians.

google search tricks and Tips

Google Search Tricks and Tips

Google Search Tricks and Tips 1: Double Quotes (for Exact Search)

The use of double quotes yields only the pages with the same words in the same order (containing a specific phrase) as what’s in the quotes.

Google Search Trick 2: Asterisk within Quotes (to Specify Unknown Words)

Searching a phrase in double quotes with an asterisk will search all variations of that phrase. For example “* matrix in regression analysis” will yield pages that have different words before and after ‘matrix in regression analysis’ such as “hat matrix in regression analysis”, “the inverse-partitioned-matrix method in linear regression analysis”, “a matrix form, in regression analysis”, and “second important matrix in regression analysis” etc.

Google Search Trick 3: Minus Sign to Exclude Words from Search

If you want to exclude (eliminate) certain words from your search, you can use the minus sign. For example, the “hat matrix in regression -outlier” will result in all the pages related to the hat matrix in regression but will not contain outlier words in the searches.

Google Search Trick 4: Tilde symbol (~) to Search for Similar Words

The tilde symbol used in the phrase will search for a word and all its synonyms. For example, ~Cross Table will result in crosstable, crosstabulation, cross-table, and cross-table query, etc.

Google Search Tricks and Tips 5: OR Operator for Multiple Words Searching

The “OR operator searches the pages that include either word before and after the OR operator. For example, residuals or error will result in the words “residuals” and either “error”.

Google Search Trick 6: Numerical Range

The use of a numerical range of numbers results in pages that match these numbers. For example, “History of Statistics 2000…2019”.

Google Search Tricks and Tips 7: Finding the Meanings of Word or Phrase

The define keyword is used to define a word or phrase. For example, define statistics, define: define: residuals or error, and define: goodness of fit test

Google Search Trick 8: Search a Particular Website

The site: function searches a particular website. For example, Learning statistics site:edu will result in pages found on .edu websites. The other examples can be “Learning statistics site: com”, and Learning statistics site:itfeature.com, etc.

Google Search Trick: Search a particular website

Google Search Trick 9: Search Webpages Linked to a Particular Website

The link: function searches for web pages that link to a particular website. For example, link: itfeature.com, link: stat.bzu.edu.pk

Google Search Trick 10: Math Answers

Google performs basic math functions for example, 4.7, 30% of 55, 20^2, sqrt(4), exp(4), log(10), cos(90), etc.

Google Search Trick 11: Unit Conversion

Converts the units of a measure. For example, 5cm in the foot, 100$ in PKR, 42 days in a fortnight, 10 mph in the speed of light, 100 miles in leagues, and 100 Km in miles, etc.

Google Search Trick 12: Compare using “vs”

A one-by-one comparison can be searched using the “vs” keyword. For example, statistics vs parameters, descriptive vs inferential statistics, AIC vs BIC, and statistics vs mathematics.

https://itfeature.com statistics help

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Convert PDF to Editable File Formats in 3 Easy Steps

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The post is about different ways to convert PDF to editable file formats.

Since the introduction of computers into our lives, we’ve been able to do things that we couldn’t do before. Slowly but surely, our PC skills have improved and today we are using new technologies that are enabling us to be better and more productive in almost every aspect of our lives.

One huge part of modern technology is digital documents which are a legacy of the digital revolution. Paper documents have been replaced by digital files at one point since they are easier to use, edit, and share between colleagues and friends.

One of the most used and known digital file formats is Portable Document Format, better known as PDF. Developed and published in the nineties, the PDF is still a number one format for managers, students, accountants, writers, and many others. For more than 20 years it has been building up supporters, who use it for 3 main reasons:

  1. It’s universal — it can be opened on any device (including mobile devices).
  2. It’s shareable — documents are easily shared across all platforms.
  3. It’s standardized — the files always maintain original formatting.

Aside from attractive features that make this file format popular, there is one major downside to using PDF — the format is not so easy to edit.

If you want to make changes to your financial or project reports saved in PDF, the best thing to do is to edit your documents using software that’s designed for that purpose. One such tool is Able2Extract Professional 11, known for its powerful and modern PDF editing features.

With Able2Extract’s integrated PDF editor you can:

  • Resize and scale more pages at once
  • Add 10 different annotations
  • Customize any individual page
  • Add and delete your PDF content
  • Extract and combine multiple PDFs
  • Redact any sensitive content
  • Convert PDF to Editable File Formats

Convert PDF to Editable File Format

The software is used to convert PDF to Editable File Format over 10 different file formats (MS Office, AutoCAD, Image, HTML, CSV) and it’s available for all three desktop platforms.

It’s so easy to use that all you need to do is follow this three-step conversion process:

  1. Click Open and select the PDF document that you want to convert.convert pdf
  2. Select either the entire document or just a part, using the Selection panel. After making the selection, click on the desired output format.
    Convert PDF
  3. Choose where you want your document to be saved, and the conversion will begin.
Convert PDF to Editable File Formats in 3 Easy Steps

Besides editing and conversion, the developers of Able2Extract decided to provide complete document encryption and decryption upon your PDF creation.

Now you can set up file owners, configure passwords, and share your documents freely. By clicking on the “Create” button in Able2Extract, the software will automatically make a PDF document from your file.

Able2Extract Convert PDF to Editable File Format

To conclude this quick guide: the process of converting PDF to Editable File Format is precise, quick, and most importantly — it can boost your office productivity. On the downside, the tool is aimed at experienced business professionals, with the full, lifetime license costing around $150.

To see if Able2Extract is a tool that can help you with your everyday document struggles, you can download the free trial version. It lasts for 7 days, which is more than enough to make the right call.

See the video for further information and working of Able2Extact software

R Frequently Asked Questions

Common Log and Natural Log

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Difference between Common Log and Natural Log

In this post, we will learn about the difference between Common Log and Natural Log.

The Logarithm of a number is the exponent by which another fixed value of the base has to be raised to produce that number. For example, the logarithm of 1000 to base 10 is 3 as 1000=103. Logarithms were introduced by John Napier in the early 17th century for simplification of calculation and were widely adopted by scientists, engineers, and others to perform computations more easily using logarithm tables. The logarithm to base b=10 is called the common logarithm and has a lot of applications in science and engineering, while the natural logarithm has the constant e (2.718281828) as its base and is written as $ln(x)$ or $log_e (x)$.

This common log is used in most of the exponential scales (such as 23) in chemistry such as pH scale (for measurement of acidity and alkalinity), Richter scale (for measurement of the intensity of earthquakes), and so on. It is so common that if you find no base written, you can assume it to be $log\, x$ or common log.

Common Log and Natural Log

The natural logarithm is widely used in pure mathematics, especially calculus. The natural logarithm of a number x is the power to which $e$ has to be raised to equal x. For example, ln(7.389…) is 2, because e2=7.389. The natural log of e itself (ln(e)) is 1 because $e^1=e$, while the natural logarithm of $1$ (ln(1))$ is 0, since $e^0=1$.

The question is “The reason for choosing 10 is obvious, but why $e=2.718…$”?

The answer is that it back to 300 years or more ago to Euler (which $e$ comes from his name). The function $e^x$ is the only function that its derivative (and consequently its integral) is itself. ($ex’ =  ex$), no other function has this characteristic. The number e could be achieved by several numerical and analytical methods, more often infinite summations. This number has a more important rule in complex analysis.

Suppose you have a hundred rupees, and the interest rate is 10%, you will have Rs. 110, and the next time another 10% of Rs. 110, will raise your amount to Rs. 121, and so on…  What happens when the interest is being computed continuously (all the time)?  You might think you will soon have an infinite amount of money, but actually, you have your initial deposit times e to the power of the interest rate times the amount of time:

$$P=P_0 e^{kt}$$

where k is the growth rate or interest rate t is time period, $P$ is the Value at time $t$, and $P_0$ is the Value at time $t=0$.

The intuitive explanation is: ex is the amount of continuous growth after a certain amount of time. The natural log gives you the time needed to reach a certain level of growth. That is, $e^x$ is the amount of continuous growth after a certain amount of time and a natural log is the amount of time needed to reach a certain level of continuous growth.

Learn more about Natural Logarithms

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Statistics Help Common Logarithm