Statistics Data Analysis Project (2021)

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The main objective of the “Statistics Data Analysis Project” is to learn how to analyze and interpret the data. All the submitted videos will be compiled into one video file and it will be shared with each participant and different social platforms. The video will also be uploaded on YouTube. All participants’ names and their relevant provided information will be marked on their videos.

This data set contains information on 78 people using one of three diets.  A short description of the variable is given below.

Variable NameVariable LabelData Type
PersonParticipant number 
genderGender, 1 = male, 0 = femaleBinary
AgeAge (years)Scale
HeightHeight (cm)Scale
preweightWeight before the diet (kg)Scale
DietDietCategorical
weight10weeksWeight after 10 weeks (kg)Scale
weightLOSTWeight lost after 10 weeks (kg)Scale

What to do with data:

  • You need to perform possible statistical analysis (data visualization, descriptive, and inferential) on this data using any statistical software.
  • You may check statistical assumptions for data and different inferential tests.
  • You may create new variables or recode the variables to perform different statistics.
  • You also need to briefly describe the results obtained.
  • You may record your audio for explanation purposes or may insert text using and text editor.
  • For audio recording you may use your local language too, however preference is Urdu or English language.
Statistics Data Analysis Project

What will you learn:

  1. You will learn the use of different statistical software with a live demonstration of the procedure
  2. You will learn how to perform the required statistical analysis on different types of data sets or variables.
  3. You will learn how to interpret the results.
  4. You will learn what must be done before performing any statistical analysis
  5. You may also learn how to report or publish your results.

Statistics Data Analysis Project Requirements

  1. You need to record the video of whatever you do with data. For example, import of data file, setting of variable properties, step-by-step procedure of performing any required statistical analysis (such as descriptive statistics, t-test, and possible graphs, etc.)
  2. Each participant will submit only one file.
  3. For video recording, you can use any screen recording software. You can use ‘Sharex’ or ‘apowersoft’ screen recorder software’ too.
  4. The total time of video must not exceed 10 minutes.
  5. The file type should be mp4 with H.264/ H.265
  6. The resolution may be ‘640 x 480’, ‘1280 x 720’, and 1920 x 1080’
  7. You will email me (at mimdadasad@gmail.com) the Google Drive or Dropbox link of your ‘screen recorded video’ file.
  8. For help with Statistical Software, you can visit: https://itfeature.com/statistical-softwares

Who Should Participate:
Any student, researcher, or teacher of Statistics

Download Data File:

Diet-DataDownload

Note: The pure objectivity of the “Statistics Data Analysis Project” is to promote the subject of Statistics in Pakistan.

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Introduction to R Language

MCQs Skewness and Kurtosis 11

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This quiz contains MCQs Skewness and Kurtosis covering the shape of the distribution, Measures of central tendency such as mean, median, mode, Weighted mean, data and type of data, sources of data, Measures of Dispersion/ Variation, Standard Deviation, Variance, Range, and measure of position, etc. Let us start the MCQs Skewness and Kurtosis Quiz.

1. When mean, median, and mode are identical the distribution is

 
 
 
 

2. The distribution is positively skewed if

 
 
 
 

3. In a symmetrical distribution, the mean is 25. What is the value of the median?

 
 
 
 

4. The first three moments of a distribution about the mean $\overline{X}$ are 1, 4, and 0. The distribution is

 
 
 
 

5. The degree to which numerical data tend to spread out about an average value is called

 
 
 
 

6. If the frequency curve has a longer tail to the left, the distribution is

 
 
 
 

7. When a distribution is symmetrical and has one mode, the highest point on the curve is called the

 
 
 
 

8. In Symmetrical distribution $Q_3-Q_1=20$, Median = 15, $Q_3$ is equal to

 
 
 
 

9. In symmetrical distribution if $Q_1=4, Q_3=12$ then median is

 
 
 
 

10. For a symmetrical distribution

 
 
 
 

11. If the moment Ratio $\beta_2=3$ then the distribution is

 
 
 
 

Question 1 of 11

If you found that any POSTED MCQ is/ are WRONG
PLEASE COMMENT below the MCQ with the CORRECT ANSWER and its DETAILED EXPLANATION.

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Basic statistics deals with the measure of central tendencies (such as mean, median, mode, weighted mean, geometric mean, and Harmonic mean) and measures of dispersion (such as range, standard deviation, and variances).

Basic statistical methods include planning and designing the study, collecting data, arranging, and numerical and graphically summarizing the collected data.

Basic statistics are also used to perform statistical analysis to draw meaningful inferences.

MCQs Skewness and Kurtosis

A basic visual inspection of data using some graphical and numerical statistics may reveal useful hidden information already available in the data. The graphical representation includes a bar chart, pie chart, dot chart, box plot, etc.

Companies related to finance, communication, manufacturing, charity organizations, government institutes, simple to large businesses, etc. are all examples that have a massive interest in collecting data and measuring different sorts of statistical findings. This helps them to learn from the past, noticing the trends, and planning for the future.

Various graphical and numerical ways are used to check the skewness of the data. Skewness is the lack of symmetry in distribution.

MCQs Skewness and Kurtosis

  • When a distribution is symmetrical and has one mode, the highest point on the curve is called the
  • If the moment Ratio $\beta_2=3$ then the distribution is
  • For a symmetrical distribution
  • The degree to which numerical data tend to spread out about an average value is called
  • In symmetrical distribution if $Q_1=4, Q_3=12$ then median is
  • The first three moments of a distribution about the mean $\overline{X}$ are 1, 4, and 0. The distribution is
  • The distribution is positively skewed if
  • In Symmetrical distribution $Q_3-Q_1=20$, Median = 15, $Q_3$ is equal to
  • When mean, median, and mode are identical the distribution is
  • In a symmetrical distribution, the mean is 25. What is the value of the median?
  • If the frequency curve has a longer tail to the left, the distribution is

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Introduction to R Language

Index Numbers: An Introduction

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Discover what index numbers are, their uses, limitations, and key examples in economics and statistics. Learn how index numbers help measure changes over time and make informed decisions. Perfect for students, analysts, and researchers!

What is an Index Number?

The index numbers “measure a relative change in a variable or an average relative change in a group of related variables concerning a base”. An index number indicates the level of certain phenomena at some given period compared to the level of the same phenomena at some reference period. The index numbers are usually constructed for economic variables such as price, quantity, wage, unemployment, investment, cost of living, etc.

An index number simplifies the comparison of data by expressing it as a percentage or ratio of the base value, which is typically set to 100. Index numbers are widely used in economics, finance, and business to analyze trends in prices, production, employment, and other metrics. Common examples include the Consumer Price Index (CPI) for inflation, Stock Market Indices (like the S&P 500), and the Industrial Production Index. They provide a clear, standardized way to measure and interpret changes in complex data.

Index numbers are free from units of measurement because they show relative changes. For ease of understanding, index numbers are expressed in percentages. To construct an index number, at least two periods are required, and a period that is economically stable and has no major crisis caused by wars, diseases, strikes, food shortage, etc., known as the normal period, is selected as a base. Index numbers of wholesale prices and consumer prices, etc., are published by the Federal Bureau of Statistics and the State Bank of Pakistan.

Uses/ Need of Index Numbers

There are many uses for index number(s), but the most important are:

  • Many economic plans and Government policies depend on index numbers, for example, to control rising prices of government imports from other countries or give subsidies (financial support) to the manufacturer.
  • The Price index number is used to know the purchasing power of money at different periods and places.
  • The quantity index number is used to know the changes in the quantities produced, consumed, sold, purchased, imported, or exported, etc.
  • Consumer price index number(s) is/are used to determine people’s standards of living and the goods and services used by they use.
  • Index numbers are used to forecast future economic trends
  • Cyclical (long-term movements, which are in the form of oscillation) and seasonal (short-term movements, which are linked with the seasons or movements that repeat themselves within a fixed period) movements are measured by index numbers.
Index Numbers

Shortcomings of the Index Number

Index numbers can not be used freely due to the following shortcomings/ limitations of index number:

  • An improper base period gives misleading results. Base periods must be free from all types of crises, including those caused by wars, diseases, strikes, and food shortages. If such a period is not available, then the average of one or more periods is selected as the base.
  • Selection of favorite commodities is difficult because the use of services and commodities by individuals varies with the locality of people, social customs, standard of living, occupation, ideas of saving, courage of investment, and sources of income, etc.
  • The quality of a product cannot be observed at each point; that is, ball-to-ball commentary is difficult. For example, if we want to view the quality of cloth at each thread before purchasing it becomes impossible.
  • Index number gives a rough measure of relative changes because sampling error or error of measurement may occur at the stages of gathering data, or the base period may be improper, or the number of commodities may be less than required. According to Dr. Fisher, the accuracy of index numbers may be increased by increasing the number of commodities.
  • Different methods of index numbers usually give different results.
  • Prices vary from place to place according to the idea of profit of investors, expenditures on transportation, and awareness about the psychology of buyers, hence, their collection is difficult.

Examples of Important Index Numbers

  • Consumer Price Index (CPI): Tracks changes in the prices of goods and services purchased by consumers.
  • Producer Price Index (PPI): Measures the average change in prices received by domestic producers for their output.
  • Wholesale Price Index (WPI): Tracks the price changes of goods traded in wholesale markets.
  • Industrial Production Index (IPI): Measures the volume of physical production in the industrial sector.

In conclusion, index numbers are a powerful tool for summarizing complex economic information and identifying trends. They play a vital role in economic analysis, decision-making, and understanding changes in our world over time.

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