Understanding Advanced SAS Procedures

Master advanced statistical modeling in SAS with our detailed question-and-answer guide. This Understanding Advanced SAS Procedures post explains the core statements and functionality of essential SAS procedures like PROC NLIN for nonlinear regression, PROC NLMIXED for nonlinear mixed models, PROC GLIMMIX for linear and generalized linear mixed models, and PROC PROBIT for dose-response analysis. Learn how to use PARMS, MODEL, RANDOM, and CLASS statements correctly, avoid common syntax errors, and interpret your results with practical examples from the sashelp.cars and sashelp.iris datasets. Perfect for data analysts and statisticians looking to deepen their SAS programming skills.

Understanding Advanced SAS Procedures

Understanding Advanced SAS Procedures

Explain the following SAS Statements used in the Example below (Non-Linear Mixed Model)

proc nlmixed data = CARS;
parms b1 = 220 b2 = 500 b3 = 310 s2u = 100 s2e = 60;
model X ~ normal(num/den, s2e);
random u1 ~ normal(0, s2u) subject = NUMBER;
run;

This is an excellent example of a nonlinear mixed model in SAS. The MIXED MODEL statement defines the dependent variable and its conditional distribution given the random effects. In the above statement, a normal (Gaussian) conditional distribution is specified.

This code is fitting a nonlinear mixed-effects model to data about cars (from the CARS dataset). It is trying to estimate parameters ($b_1, b_2$, and $b_3$) for a specific nonlinear relationship between a predictor and the outcome $X$, while also accounting for random variations between different groups of cars (grouped by NUMBER).

The RANDOM statement defines the single random effect to be $u1$, and specifies that it follows a normal distribution with mean $0$ and variance $s2u$. The SUBJECT= statement in the RANDOM statement is used to define a variable that will indicate when the random effect obtains new realizations.

Explain the following SAS statements (Linear Mixed Model) in the example below

proc glimmix data = sashelp.iris;
class species;
model age = weight;
random age = weight;
run;

The CLASS statement instructs the technique to treat the variable species as type variables. The version announcement in the example shown above specifies the reaction variable as a pattern proportion by means of the use of the occasions/trials approach.

This PROC GLIMMIX code contains a critical error in its RANDOM statement, which makes the model, as written, invalid and nonsensical.

In code, it is trying to fit a linear mixed model to the sashelp.iris dataset (famous Fisher’s Iris data). The intent might have been to see how age (which does not exist in the standard iris dataset) is related to weight (which also does not exist), while accounting for the grouping structure of species. The syntax of the RANDOM statement is completely incorrect.

Explain the use of each SAS statement (PROC PROBIT) given below

PROC PROBIT dataset;
CLASS <dependent variables>;
Model < dependent variables > = <independent VARIABLES>;

This statement outlines the basic structure for using PROC PROBIT in SAS, but it contains a few common misunderstandings and a critical error in the CLASS statement. However, the line-by-line explanation of the code is:

The DATA= option specifies the dataset that will be studied.

The PLOTS= choice within the PROC PROBIT statement, collectively with the ODS graphics announcement, requests all plots (as all have been specified in brackets, we will pick out a selected plot also) for the anticipated opportunity values and peak ranges.

The model statement prepares a response between a structured variable and independent variables. The variables top and weight are the stimuli or explanatory variables.

Explain the following SAS example (PROC NLIN)

proc nlin data = sashelp.cars method = gauss;
parms hosepower = 135
cylinders = 6;
model mpg_highway = (horsepower/cylinders);
run;

This code is used to fit a nonlinear regression model (PROC NLIN) to car data. The METHOD = option directs PROC NLIN to use the GAUSS iterative method. The PARMS statement declares the parameters and specifies their initial values.

The code is trying to model a car’s highway fuel efficiency (mpg_highway) as a simple nonlinear function of its power (horsepower) and engine size (cylinders). Specifically, it is testing the hypothesis that highway MPG is directly proportional to the power-per-cylinder (horsepower / cylinders). The code contains a critical error in its model specification, which will cause it to fail.

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MS Excel Pivot Table Quiz 18

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1. Before you create a PivotTable, you need to ensure that you have nice clean data with

 
 
 

2. To change the calculation within your PivotTable, you get more options by right-clicking one of the values, compared to customizing the calculation in the Values quadrant.

 
 

3. What would moving the Europe cell to elsewhere in the PivotTable do?
MS Excel Pivot Table Quiz

 
 
 

4. If you choose Show Report Filter Pages after having selected multiple items in a filter, what would happen?

 
 
 
 

5. Which of the following buttons would we need to click to group a few rows from our PivotTable?
MS Excel PivotTable Quiz

 
 
 
 
 

6. You can choose to display a sub-total as a sum and as an average, and both these items will appear separately at the bottom of the respective section in your PivotTable.

 
 

7. When does Excel automatically give you sub-totals for your PivotTable?

 
 
 
 

8. Which of these are correct statements about custom lists in Excel?

 
 
 
 

9. Which of the following buttons would we need to click to group the dates below?
MS Excel PivotTable

 
 
 
 
 

10. A PivotTable currently occupies some of Columns A and B as per the screenshot. The formula that is displayed is typed into cell D4. What would happen to the result of the formula if the filters of the PivotTable were modified?
MS Excel Pivot Table Quiz 4

 
 
 

11. If you have full dates and you create a PivotTable, Excel will group these dates, such as grouping by month. You can remove this by choosing Ungroup.

 
 

12. When in PivotTable Fields, if you tick a field that contains numeric data, it will automatically populate which quadrant?

 
 
 

13. To clear a filter in a PivotTable, you could:

 
 
 
 

14. One way to filter which columns and which rows appear in your PivotTable is to use the drop-down menu that appears next to Row Labels and Column Labels.

 
 

15. Converting your data into a Table before creating a PivotTable is a good idea because:

 
 
 

16. The main difference between Label Filters and Value Filters is that Label Filters are for filtering based on text.

 
 

17. Rather than seeing discrete values, if you want to see percentages instead, you should go to

 
 
 

18. When in PivotTable Fields, if you tick a field that contains non-numeric data, it will automatically populate which quadrant?

 
 
 
 

19. If you want to filter by a field that you do not necessarily want to show in the PivotTable itself, you should move this field to which quadrant?

 
 
 
 

20. Choosing the option Rank Smallest to Largest will result in the PivotTable being sorted and displayed from smallest to largest values.

 
 

Question 1 of 20

Online MS Excel Pivot Table Quiz with Answers

  • Before you create a PivotTable, you need to ensure that you have nice clean data with
  • Converting your data into a Table before creating a PivotTable is a good idea because:
  • When in PivotTable Fields, if you tick a field that contains numeric data, it will automatically populate which quadrant?
  • When in PivotTable Fields, if you tick a field that contains non-numeric data, it will automatically populate which quadrant?
  • To change the calculation within your PivotTable, you get more options by right-clicking one of the values, compared to customizing the calculation in the Values quadrant.
  • Rather than seeing discrete values, if you want to see percentages instead, you should go to
  • Choosing the option Rank Smallest to Largest will result in the PivotTable being sorted and displayed from smallest to largest values.
  • When does Excel automatically give you sub-totals for your PivotTable?
  • You can choose to display a sub-total as a sum and as an average, and both these items will appear separately at the bottom of the respective section in your PivotTable.
  • If you have full dates and you create a PivotTable, Excel will group these dates, such as grouping by month. You can remove this by choosing Ungroup.
  • Which of the following buttons would we need to click to group the dates below?
  • Which of the following buttons would we need to click to group a few rows from our PivotTable?
  • What would moving the Europe cell to elsewhere in the PivotTable do?
  • Which of these are correct statements about custom lists in Excel?
  • One way to filter which columns and which rows appear in your PivotTable is to use the drop-down menu that appears next to Row Labels and Column Labels.
  • To clear a filter in a PivotTable, you could:
  • The main difference between Label Filters and Value Filters is that Label Filters are for filtering based on text.
  • If you want to filter by a field that you do not necessarily want to show in the PivotTable itself, you should move this field to which quadrant?
  • If you choose Show Report Filter Pages after having selected multiple items in a filter, what would happen?
  • A PivotTable currently occupies some of Columns A and B as per the screenshot. The formula that is displayed is typed into cell D4. What would happen to the result of the formula if the filters of the PivotTable were modified?
Online MS Excel Pivot Table Quiz 4

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  • Dashboards can be created in the Power BI Service, but reports cannot.
Online Power BI Quiz Questions with Answers

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